Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay - 1472 Words

Suicide is a major leading cause of death and a widespread concern which occurs at alarming rates in the specific population of the military. One of the main risk factors in of suicide in this population is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a great deal of research which analyzes this relationship. There are many elements that serve as contributing factors to the correlation between suicide and PTSD. PTSD-related suicide among soldiers is due to a number of intervening aspects including combat exposure, moral injury, self-forgiveness, social support, and traumatic brain injury. Regarding military personnel, it appears that being exposed to combat is a factor that may contribute to PTSD symptoms and therefore, suicide risk. As far back as the start of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, there has been an increase of suicidal behaviors which has caused inquiries to emerge referring to combat exposure being a conceivable reason for the suicidal behaviors. Bryan, Hernandez, Allison, Clemans (2013) aimed to distinguish any impacts of combat exposure on suicide risk through measures of depression symptom severity, impeded belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and fearlessness about death; factors which are all consistent with the interpersonal†psychological theory of suicide.The results showed that more combat exposure had a direct association with fearlessness about death and PTSD symptom severity in both samples, yet there was a failure to show anyShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

My Memories Of My Childhood Memories Essay - 1127 Words

My earliest childhood memory is of the first time I met my mother in person when I was four. A beautiful woman whose personality seemed to glow from her. I had seen a picture of her before then I was told by Mummy Dada, my aunt, so I knew her on sight. The woman I saw walk in the room as I watched from my grandfather’s lap seemed effervescent. She floated from person to person at the family reunion like an angel. My mother is one of thirteen children my grandpa has. My brother cousin wanted to play tag but my grandfather wanted me to stay put. Let me clarify, the term â€Å"brother cousin† is to describe my cousin that I had thought was my brother because we were raised as brother and sister. I was conflicted as to what I should do but eventually I choose to stay put for a little while. Within a few minutes I couldn’t help myself, I hopped off grandpa’s lap and went to play tag. It was my favorite game to play, I just knew it was. When it was my turn to g ive chase I ran around in an unladylike manner trying to catch one of my brother cousins. They were always too fast and out of reach. I didn’t even attempt to catch any of my older cousins because I thought that they would be too fast for me to catch. Besides, I was only used to playing with the boys. I ran so fast in my shiny white patent leather shoes that I missed catching my twin brother cousin, Jerry. The term â€Å"twin brother cousin† refers to the â€Å"brother cousin† who had the same birthday as I did. The smooth bottoms of myShow MoreRelatedMy Memories Of My Childhood Memories864 Words   |  4 PagesMany of my fondest childhood memories involved a stuffed lamb doll and one of my grandfather s old stethoscopes. Ever the precocious seven-year-old, I would often stand beside my grandfather while he examined his patients. Watching him carefully, I mimicked his every move, an act that rarely failed to pull a laugh out of even the sickest of patients. Eve n in these moments of childhood play, though, I noticed the sheer joy and relief that his healing hands had the capacity to bring to the sufferingRead MoreMy Memories : My Childhood Memories1999 Words   |  8 PagesI will be comparing my childhood and my friend A childhood memories. My childhood is full of memories. Some are good and some are bad, but generally speaking I would classify most of them as good, throughout my childhood there has been a word my parents always use to say every time I fell and hurt myself which was â€Å"you will forget when you grow up† it was true I really have forgotten. I had two young, funny, happily married parents, a lovely younger sister, and an extended family that lived closeRead MoreMy Memories : My Childhood Memories840 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we must focus to see the light. -Aristotle Onassis Many of my fondest childhood memories involved a stuffed lamb doll and one of my grandfather s old stethoscopes. As a precocious seven-year-old, I would often stand beside my grandfather while he examined his patients. Watching him carefully, I mimicked his every move, an act that rarely failed to pull a laugh out of even the sickest of patients. Even in these moments of childhood play, I noticed the sheer joy and relief that his healing handsRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood867 Words   |  4 Pagesunique to the owner. People bestow special value of some objects according to an experience, emotion or hidden message associated with them. I have a chest with treasures and so far they are my childhood, my youth and my adulthood memories of good and challenging that are most charitable to me. My childhood was fun and unforgettable, as I had lots of neighbors to play with from morning till dark. We played games outdoors and rode our bicycles happily. The undeveloped wood behind our home providedRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood959 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"I want to go back In those childhood days, not to change anything but to feel few things twice.†- M S Dhoni . The experiences of my past are undeniable. It goes without saying that my childhood was more than just a learning salient experience. Those are my greatest memories! This is an essay is not only on my childhood, but also about the lessons I have learned throughout my childhood, It was an unforgettable experience of fear, shame, pain, loss, freedom, forgiveness, happiness, kindness, emotionsRead MoreMemories Of My Childhood829 Words   |  4 PagesMy memory of my childhood is fuzzy at best, probably like most people. There are many important events in my early life I cannot remember, like the events of September 11, 2001, or the first day of kindergarten. I also do not remember much of my musical life prior to middle school. My family was not a musical family. We did not constantly play music in our house, if we ever really did. Nor did my parents very often put on albums that they loved from their younger years. Music mostly seemed cosignedRead MoreChildhood Memories Of My Childhood1046 Words   |  5 PagesSome of my fondest childhood memories are of camping trips my parents would take me on starting at a very young age. These memories consist of walking a dark forest trail in the middle of the night, black bags hanging from the hands of all the young children with hopes of catching the mysterious snipe that had been roaming the woods, gathering around warm fires on cool nights with people you barely know and hearing out their past adventures, hoping to one day to take their place with adventurousRead MoreMy Childhood Memories800 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was little, I used to be attached to my grandparents. My grandparents used to live next to my family in Puerto Rico. When I was a little girl, my sister and I we loved to spend the whole day with my grandparents at their house. The reasons we loved to spend the rest of the day in my grandparents’ house was their food and the coffee. My grandmother used to make good food, and every time I ate I would lick my fingers. Another reason that I love my grandparents were the way they taught us howRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood1109 Words   |  5 PagesLooking back at my childhood, I suppose you could say it was pretty difficult. Even at my happiest, I was living with a foster family, separated from the rest of my biological relatives. However, I couldn’t complain. I loved them like they were my family that I spent my whole life with. I was a five-year-old boy living a happy life. I had grown attached to the family, feeling like I was truly a part of it. Then one cold November day it all changed. A woman dressed in black came to my home I had grownRead MoreMy Childhood Memory979 Words   |  4 Pagesme, and was quite disgusting. I was the youngest, and being the only girl, I was often picked on by the older two. My ideas were often consider irrelev ant, and because they never listened, we got into more trouble than necessary. I looked up at the trees, when I saw what looked like a car. â€Å"Hey guys,† I said as I stood up from the log, elongating my arm and pointer finger at my discovery. The boys eyes grew in amazement. â€Å"Is that a car?!† Roy asked flabbergasted. Timmy took off running for

Manifestations of Dementia Free Essays

Manifestations of Dementia Melinda Godfrey GNUR543 St. John Fisher College Mrs. Yowell is a 90-year-old woman who is a resident of a long-term care facility. We will write a custom essay sample on Manifestations of Dementia or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was alert and mentally quite capable until about a year ago when she began to manifest signs and symptoms of dementia. A review of her medical records failed to document a thorough analysis of her dementia, but a diagnosis of â€Å"probable Alzheimer disease† was recorded. What are the common manifestations of dementia? The definition of Dementia is â€Å"a general term for loss of memory and other mental abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is caused by physical changes in the brain. † (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). The first manifestations of Dementia usually are: * Loss of memory – generally the patient doesn’t notice the loss of memory but a loved one will. This is generally the entree into the physician’s office leading to a diagnosis. * Trouble focusing and following conversations – the patient is unable to handle more than one task at a time and will not be able to perform a task and listen to or follow a conversation easily. * Impaired judgment and reasoning – patients become confused and are unable to cope as well when unexpected events come up. Other symptoms could include: mood changes, personality and behavior changes. As noted, dementia is not a disease itself but a cluster of cognitive changes. The onset symptom of dementia can vary depending on the disease or syndrome that is associated (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). The major dementia diseases or syndromes are: 1. Alzheimer Disease (AD) – AD accounts for 60 – 80% of the cases of dementia (Shadlen Larson, 2012). 2. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) – DLB starts with progressive cognitive decline and usually the patient also has hallucinations, periods of lucidity and some rigidity. DLB has abnormal accumulations of protein structures in the patient’s brain (Dementia With Lewy Bodies Information Page, 2011). 3. Frontotemporal Dementia (FT) – FT is associated with the shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain (Frontotemporal Dementia Information Page, 2011). Generally the patient will have trouble with speech and behavior. 4. Vascular Dementia – This form of dementia results from many strokes. When a patient has a stroke, the blood flow is interrupted to the brain and the result is brain tissue damage (Types of Dementia, 2011). These patients normally lose their cognitive ability before their memory. 5. Parkinson Disease with Dementia – Approximately 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease will have dementia (Parkinson’s disease, 2011). The nerve cells in the brain that make dopamine are slowly destroyed leaving no way for the brain to send messages. What other potentially treatable factors might have led to Mrs. Yowell’s deteriorating mental function? There are many reasons that Mrs. Yowell may have impaired mental functioning (see Table 1). The first and easiest reason to rule out would be a urinary tract infection (UTI). A urine sample can show if there are white blood cells (indicating infection) present in the urine. The increased levels of bacteria in an elderly person’s body can cause toxicity which leads to the altered mental status (Midthun, 2004). Most noted changes are confusion, agitation and lethargy. Table 1| | (Shadlen Larson, 2012)| Secondly, Mrs. Yowell could have vitamin deficiencies. For example, if a patient has low levels of thiamine they can develop Wernicke’s encephalopathy. This can cause damage in the brain to the thalamus and the hypothalamus. These patients will exhibit signs of confusion, loss of memory and hallucinations (Dugdale, 2010). If left untreated it can cause permanent damage but, it is usually corrected by injections of thiamine. Another cause of confusion/delirium in elderly patients is an adverse drug reaction or interactions with another drug. Mrs. Yowell could have been given a new medication that is directly affecting her mental status. Nearly 70% of residents in long term facilities take nine or more medications (Gillick, 2012). Elderly patients have slower clearance rates of drugs through their liver and kidney thus leading to drug accumulation (Gillick, 2012). There should be a regular review of medications in order to anticipate and keep on top of any potential changes. Discuss in detail the organic brain/neuronal alterations that are typical of Alzheimer disease? The changes that occur in the brain with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are threefold. The first is amyloid plaque, this is abnormal clumps of protein found outside of the nerve cells. The protein pieces are in the fatty membrane that is around the brains nerve cells. The amyloid is a protein that is snipped from a larger protein (amyloid precursor protein) during metabolism (Copstead, 2010). These clumps form plaque and can block cell-to-cell signaling (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). In a healthy brain the fragments are broken down and eliminated before they turn into plaque. Without the ability to signal the brain may also activate the inflammatory response. At this point it is still not known whether the plaque causes or is created by AD. Secondly, inside the nerve cells there is a protein called tau. This protein is normally helps maintain the cell structure allowing proper nutrition and signaling. The tau protein in AD is changed into twisted strands, called tangles (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). It is said that the changes are brought on by the phosphorylating enzymes which are activated by inflammatory changes, lipid abnormalities and aging (Copstead, 2010). Thirdly, the brain is losing connectivity between nerve cells and cells are dying which results in permanent brain damage. Other changes in the brain include shrinking of the hippocampus and cortex. AD also shows an increase in ventricles. The progression of the damage in the AD brain is predictable. According to the Alzheimer’s research center, the plaques and tangles spread through the cortex in a predictable fashion (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). Summary Scientists believe that the cause of AD is multi-factorial. IT could be a combination of genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors. Specifically, it is believed that a person with diabetes, depression or heart disease is more likely to develop AD (Copstead, 2010). There is a link to a gene, APOe4 that is thought to be associated with late onset AD. However, studies have shown it is not present in some cases of AD and is present in cases with no AD (Common Types of Dementia, 2012). At this point the definitive diagnosis of AD can only be obtained after death (Common Types of Dementia, 012). This means that clinicians must ask the right questions to diagnose this disease. AD is still quite unknown as to the order of the changes that occur in the brain. As more research is conducted we will be able to identify the manifestations of the disease earlier and slow the progression of AD. References Common Types of Dementia. (2012). Retrieved March 14, 2012, from Alzheimer’ s Association: http://www. alz. org Copstead, L. -E. C. (2010). Pathophysiology. St. Louis: Saunders. Dementia With Lewy Bodies Information Page. (2011, December 28). Retrieved March 8, 2012, from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: http://www. ninds. nih. gov Dugdale, I. M. (2010, February 6). Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Retrieved March 10, 2012, from Medline Plus: http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus Frontotemporal Dementia Information Page. (2011, December 28). Retrieved March 8, 2012, from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: http://www. ninds. nih. gov Gillick, M. M. (2012, February 22). Medical Care of the Nursing Home Patient in the United States. Retrieved March 10, 2012, from UpToDate: http://www. uptodate. com Lexicomp. 2012). Retrieved February 5, 2012, from Lexicomp: https://online-lexi. com Midthun, M. R. (2004). Criteria for Urinary Tract Infections. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Medscape: http://www. medscape. com Parkinson’s disease. (2011, September 26). Retrieved March 5, 2012, from PubMed Health: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov Shadlen, M. -F. M. , ; Larson, E. B. (2012, February 10). Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from UpToDate: http://www. uptodate. com Types of Dementia. (2011, June 23). Retrieved March 14, 2012, from Cleveland Clinic: http://my. clevelandclinic. org How to cite Manifestations of Dementia, Essay examples

Corporate Payout Policy Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Payout Policy. Answer: Introduction: This report has been prepared to analyze the relevant and irrelevant theory of dividend policy. The relevancy of dividend policies has been analyzed in the real world. The rationales of irrelevant theories have been studied to understand the concept. Dividends are the key element to analyze the value of the firm in the market. Dividend Relevancy: According to the Gordon (1959), dividend is very important for an organization as well as investors to make decision about the investment in the company. He conducted a research and explains that the market value of securities is continuous flow of the dividends in future and it is rewarded accordingly. Dividends of a company are the main factors checked by the investors before investing in that company. Gordon explained that before investing the amount in an organization the following points are always considered by an investor: Obtain dividend Obtain earnings Obtain earnings and dividend both Through a study, it has been found that the dividend of an organization influences the firms value on a great level. More, it has also found that with the increment in retained earning the required rate of return get increase. So an organization must enhance the dividend to lower the required rate of return. Fisher (1961) also explained that the dividend offer by an organization to its shareholders makes a better impact over the firms value. Rationales of using non dividend payout policy: Miller and Modigliani approached this concept firstly. They published a model named by M-M model and explain that the value of a firm never rely over the dividends. They argues that in a perfect capital market, the dividend offered by the company do not make an impact over the value of the firm (DEEPTEE and ROSHAN, 2009). Non dividend payout policy depict that the value of firm relies over the current and future cash flows of the company. It depicts that the value of a firm relies over the investment and financing decision of a company in a finest capital structure not in the dividend and its policies (Brav et al, 2005). This theory depict that investor could earn the money by selling out the shares to other and enjoy the profit earned through selling on higher price. This theory depict that if company would retain the earning more than there will be many project in which company could invest the amount and earn more profits (Black and Scholes, 1974). Hence the profitability of company would enhance and the share price of company will also increase. Such as if the profitability of company would increase, company will buy back the shares in higher price and thus the shareholder will get a benefit or shareholders could sell the shares in the market to earn the profit. Dividend paying or non dividend paying stock: Dividend policies are of 2 types: relevant dividend policy and irrelevant dividend policy. Dividend policies have been approached by Gordon whereas irrelevant dividend policies have been approached by miller and Modigliani. Both the policies are examined to make an impact over the value of the firm and the investor decision regarding the investment in an organization. Miller and Modigliani argued that the value of a firm never rely over the dividends (CORREIA, C. et al. 2013). They argues that in a perfect capital market, the dividend offered by the company do not make an impact over the value of the firm. Irrelevant theories are based on many assumptions and this theory directly depict the accountant of the company to not to consider the dividend and take extra care about the investment in new projects so that the profitability of the company could enhance. Whereas according to the Gordon (1959), dividend is very important for an organization as well as investors to make decision about the investment in the company. Gordon explained that before investing the amount in an organization the following points are always considered by an investor: Obtain dividend Obtain earnings Obtain earnings and dividend both Fisher (1961) also explained that the dividend offer by an organization to its shareholders makes a better impact over the firms value. Relevant theories are based on many assumptions and this theory directly depict the accountant of the company must consider the dividend so that the investor could be attracted towards the investment in the organization (Glynn, 1993). Through the above analysis, dividend paying stocks are most preferable because it offers a dividend on monthly or annually basis whereas for earning the profits in irrelevant theory, investor has to buy that stock. Evaluation: If there are 2 companies and both are having the same size of assets and debts but the dividend paying policies of both the companies are different than the dividend paying company would have a higher valuation rather than the non dividend paying company Because if the dividend would be given by the company than the required rate of the company would be less whereas the value of the firm would increase (Davies and Crawford, 2011). This could be explained through the following formula: P = {EPS * (1-b)} / (k-g) whereas if the dividend would not be given by the company than the required rate of the company will enhance and thus the value of the firm would increase. This could be explained through the following formula: E (?i) = ?0+ [E (?m) -?0] + ?1(i -m)/ m So it has been found that for enhancing the value of the firm in normal market, a company must pay the dividend to its shareholders. Conclusion: Through the following study it has been found that the dividend and non dividend policy of the company are equally important. It depend upon the nature of the company, operations of the company and shareholders of the company that which policies are better for the firm. It has been analyzed that for enhancing the value of the firm in normal market, a company must pay the dividend to its shareholders. References: Black, F. and Scholes, M. 1974. The effects of dividend and dividend policy on common stock price and returns. Journal of financial economics. Brav, A., Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R. and Michaely, R., 2005. Payout policy in the 21st century.Journal of financial economics,77(3), pp.483-527. CORREIA, C. et al. 2013. FinancialManagement.7thEdition. Cape Town: Juta andCompany Ltd.2. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011.Business accounting and finance. Pearson. DEEPTEE, P. and ROSHAN, B. 2009. Signaling Power of Dividends on firms futureProfits A Literature Review. Evergreen Energy- Interdisciplinary Journal, pp.1-9. Fisher. 1961. FundamentalsofCorporateFinance.5thEdition.Berkshire.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Glynn, J.J., 1993. Public sector financial control and accounting. Miller, M. and Modigliani, F. 1961. Dividend policy, growth and the valuation of shares. Chcago Journals, Vol 4.p.p. 411-433